The most important feature of the liquid-gas flow that allows using Hijector™ systems as high-performance compression devices is that such two-phase stream achieves a supersonic flow regime at rather low liquid velocity. The sonic speed break takes place in a liquid with gas bubbles as a result of abrupt drop of the speed of sound in such liquid-gas medium within certain range of gas volumetric concentrations.
Figure 2 shows a typical Hijector system. As the liquid/gas mixture flows out of the ejector, the mixture is separated in a three-phase separator. The gas is discharged for further processing and the liquid is sent to a heat exchanger (heat is usually absorbed from the gas being evacuated). The liquid is then pumped back to the ejector and the process starts all over again.
The Hijector™ technology is based on a momentum transfer from a high-velocity and highly-dispersed liquid flow to gas, formation of a supersonic two-phase flow, subsequent braking of this flow and thus converting kinetic energy of liquid into potential energy of compressed gas.
The ejector operates off the Venturi principle. Figure 1 shows how the motive liquid is flowed through the nozzle and into the mixing chamber. As the cross-sectional area of the mixing chamber is reduced, the velocity of the liquid is increased. In other words, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, or static pressure is transformed into dynamic pressure.
As the liquid accelerates, the static pressure falls. This generates a vacuum, which induces the gas into the mixing chamber. As the gas/liquid mixture enters the diffuser, the static pressure begins to recover. The gas is now being compressed as it approaches the discharge. Thus, the Hijector acts as an evacuator and a compressor.
· easy heat removal since the thermal conductivity of liquids is much higher than that of gases 因液体的热传导远高于气体,所以热量去除容易。
液体喷射器技术基于从高速和高分散液体流向气体的动量转换,生成超音速两相物流,随后将这股物流破碎制动,接着再把液体的动能转换成压缩气体的潜能。
随着液体流速的增加,静压下降。这就产生了真空,将气体引入混合室。在气液混合物进入雾化器时,静压开始恢复。在接近排出时,气体得以压缩。所以海捷喷射器拥有抽空器和压缩机的双重功能。
这些仅为一些例子。此系统还被成功地用在地方市政工程和大学科研机构。在所使用的场合,海捷系统带来的是简便的操作和维护,较低的公用工程消耗以及低排放。
第二种后果是低静态压力的超音速液-气流具有高冲击压力,所以能够有效地把这股液-气流制动减速并利用其静态压力积聚的动能设计出具有非常高的压缩比的装置。
图2 所示为典型的海捷系统。在液气混合物流出喷射器时,混合物在三相分离器中分离。气体排出后做进一步处理,而液体则打到换热器(通常这些热量被抽空的气体所吸收)。液体然后打回到喷射器,工艺再循环一次。
喷射器的运行遵循文丘里管的原理。图1所示工作流体经喷嘴流进混合室。因混合室横截面积减小,液体流速就增加。换句话说,势能转化成了动能,或者说静压转换成了动压。
The Hijector system has found numerous applications in the oil refining, chemical, and petrochemical industries. Applications include the following processes:
These are just a few examples. The system has also been applied successfully in such other areas as municipalities and universities. In all cases, the Hijector system brings with it simple operation and maintenance, low utility costs, and lower emissions.
这种液-气两相物流能够使用作为高性能压缩装置的液体喷射器,它的最重要的特点是这种两相物流能够在相当低的液体速度时实现超音速流动条件。在特定气体体积浓度范围内的液气两相介质中,由于音速突然降低产生气泡,在存在这种气泡的液体中发生音速突变、降低。
- Secondly, the supersonic liquid-gas flow at low static pressure has high impact pressure therefore effective braking of this flow and utilizing its kinetic energy for static pressure buildup make it possible to design devices with very high compression ratios.
- First, the supersonic zone insulates the mixing zone from high-pressure zone located downstream, and by that there is a key opportunity of getting low-pressure zones, which can be utilized for gas suction.
-第一种后果是超音速区把下游的混合区与高压区隔离分开,从而能够有一个得到低压区的重要机会,并用于气体吸入。
· lower emissions - no boiler; thus, no NOx or Sox 低排放—没有锅炉,所以没有硫氮化物排往大气。
Generation of the supersonic stream results in two significant physical consequences:
海捷系统在炼油,化工和石油工业已经能够发挥了很大作用。使用场合包括如下工艺:
1. 液体喷射技术的水力学原理 The Hydraulic philosophy of Liquid Ejection
· evacuation and compression in one step 一步完成抽真空和压缩
· energy savings - no steam to boil 节能--- 不用锅炉发生蒸汽
2.海捷喷射器的工作原理 The Hijector Working Principle
· high compression ratio, 1:100 压缩比可高至1:100
法国Esso Raffinaderi AB 炼油厂(火炬气回收系统)
4.Partial sales in the past forty years部分销售业绩
· vacuums to 0.01 mmHg 抽真空可达0.01 mmHg
· sour gas - amine treatment 用胺液脱除酸性气体
台湾桃园(Taoyuan)炼油厂(火炬气回收系统)
意大利ESSO-Augusta炼油厂(火炬气回收系统)
· near isothermal compression 接近于等温压缩
· overhead off-gas compressor 塔顶尾气压缩
意大利API Ancona炼油厂(减压抽真空系统)
· compression to 25 atm 压缩可达到25 atm
The applications in petrochemical industry
· vacuum autoclave reactor 真空高压反应器
中石油锦西石化公司(火炬气脱硫压缩系统)
2)The Hijector operating characteristics:
生成超音速物流导致两种重要的实际后果:
美国加州雪弗龙炼油厂(火炬气回收系统)
瑞典壳牌哥德堡炼油厂(火炬气回收系统)
山东京博石化公司(火炬气脱硫压缩系统)
台湾塔林(Talin)炼油厂(火炬气回收系统)
图2:海捷液体喷射器技术工艺原理示意图
中石油格尔木炼油厂(减压抽真空系统)
图1:海捷液体喷射器文丘里管工作原理
中石化塔河炼油厂(减压抽真空系统)
3.液体喷射器技术在石化行业的应用
海捷喷射器有如下有利的操作特性:
1) Process Diagram 工艺原理图
· vacuum distillation 减压蒸馏
· styrene stripping 苯乙烯气提
美国道化学(抽真空系统)
· air compressor 空气压缩
3)Applications 使用场合
液体喷射器
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